Another reason for going with a swap file vs partition (if you need either) are nvme and SSD drives.
A partition that’s only a few GB and written to constantly will wear out a solid state drive quickly.
Using a swap file in a larger partition that has other data allows the drive to even out the wear across more storage cells.
They can stand at the border and use binoculars. /s
That would be a correct assessment:
https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/full/10.1148/radiol.2020192084
Radiology departments are major energy consumers within a hospital through operation of CT and MRI scanners, which require energy in the range of 0.5–30 kWh per examination, with peak consumption reaching beyond 100 kW for a short time period.
Note that the low side of that are CT scanners, MRI are in the 25kWh to 30kWh range per exam.
The neonatal ward of the hospital under study contains 10 phototherapy devices and 4 incubators, with their consumed kWh during the day, equal to 1.08, and 10.76, respectively [16].
So just under 12kWh to operate those 14 NICU devices for 24 hours.
So the energy to perform 1 MRI exam would at a minimum power 28 NICU devices for 24 hours.
On top of that, the peak power usage of an MRI can reach 100kW!
Don’t forget, you’re not only powering the machine itself, but also the cooling it needs to stay operational.
More info:
https://www.vitalscan.health/how-radiology-can-be-greener/
An MRI machine can use up to 400kWh per day across 12 hours or 12000kWh per month. This electrical consumption is equal to running 40 average houses for a month
If the underlying concept is good and was well thought out, it’s better to build upon it instead of reinventing it.
Look at the 4 stroke engine (and engines in general) many of the design concepts date back to the 1880s!
There’s other engine designs (ex:rotary engine) but the 4 stroke has over a century of testing, improvements, and refinements. A new design can adapt some of the refinements, but would have to catch up on decades of innovation and testing just to catch up!
On the Unix side, there’s the evolution of the Posix standard (which was based on Unix).
I think of snap and flatpack as docker containers but for GUI apps.
There’s more differences of course, but I take that as the gist.
I haven’t used mint in a while but did for a few years. The out of the box experience (at that time) was better.
Article from 2011:
Linux Mint 11 is a very respectable and speedy distribution and is comparatively very media friendly and easy to use out of the box for newcomers. These qualities likely have contributed to the operating system’s place on the Top 5 Linux Distribution list.
https://pcper.com/2011/11/linux-mint-rising-in-popularity-and-surpassing-ubuntu-for-top-spot/
More contemporary Mint users chime in here with why they prefer Mint:
https://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?t=383991
Take a hugely popular distro which alienates some some users with some issues or unappealing GUI choices, Mint comes along and polishes it further and you end up with a distro that is just perfect for that niche.
I think quite a few Ubuntu users migrated to KUbuntu or Mint when Canonical made Unity the default (in Ubuntu 11.04).
In addition to the explanation others have mentioned, here it is in graph form. See the where the graph of 2^x intersects the y axis (when x=0):
https://people.richland.edu/james/lecture/m116/logs/exponential.html
This also has some additional verbal explanations:
http://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=2626
The simplest way I think of it is by the properties of exponentials:
2^3 / 2^2 = (2 * 2 * 2) / (2 * 2) = 2 = 2^(3-2)
Dividing two exponentials with the same base (in this case 2) is the same as that same base (2) to the power of the difference between the exponent in the numerator minus the exponent in the denominator (3 and 2 in this case).
Now lets make both exponents the same:
2^3 / 2^3 = 8/8 = 1
2^3 / 2^3 = 2^(3-3) = 2^0 = 1
Package was being delivered by GOB Bluth.
“Return from whence you came!”
Just have to patch in the Linux sound drivers from the 90s!
It should have a custom desktop environment called Crackle (or Krackle if KDE based).
For the Quest 2, the ideal setup is a dedicated (but inexpensive) router for wireless communicating with the headset. Last I looked a few specific models of semi-generic $50 routers were tested by the community.
Then you can either run your PC lan connection through that router or if you have a second Ethernet connection, use one just for that router.
Frametimes is the specific measure.
<11.1ms for 90Hz or <8.33ms for 120Hz
If the game, experience, or whatever breaches that minimum frame time frequently, then you can experience nausea just from moving your head around.
It does require some sacrifices like turning shadows down a notch or two in some game engines and choosing additional visual effects carefully. Some visual effects require additional computation passes and can add the the frame time.
A low latency CPU (like the AMD 3D cache CPUs) or a normal mid to high end CPU with fast memory with good timings helps quite a bit.
The GPU should be capable of pushing the pixels and shading for the target resolution. Even with a 6900xt I’ve been able to comfortably push over 4500x3000 per eye rendering (enough to get a nice anti-aliasimg effect on my Pimax 8kX at the “normal” 150 degree H.FoV) in most games.
Surprisingly, fidelity FX can help as well (the non-temporal version).
adding a virtual nose decreased motion sickness significantly
Behold, the VR headset of the future!
Would be nice if the author had done a bit of research on the specific things that had been done in VR since he tried his DK2 to prevent nausea:
An Oculus DK2, a PC that couldn’t quite run a rollercoaster demo at a high-enough framerate, and a slightly-too-hot office full of people watching me as I put on the headset. Before I’d completed the second loop-de-loop, it was clear that VR and I were not going to be good friends.
The study the author quotes dates to August 2019!
For one, non-persistent displays have become the norm. These only show (strobe) the image for a fraction of the frame time and go black in between. Valve discovered that the full 1/90th of a second an image is displayed is enough to induce nausea if the head is moving during that time. So the Vive (and the Oculus Rift) had non-persistent displays.
The stobing effect is so fast you don’t notice it.
Elimination of artificial movement is another. The reason Valve focused on games with teleport movement and made a big deal of “room scale” early on was to eliminate the nausea triggers you encounter in other types of experiences.
Valve had an early version of Half Life 2 VR during the days of the DK2, but they removed it as the artificial motion made people sick (myself included).
For many, sims work as long as there is a frame in their field of vision to let their brains lock into that non-moving frame of reference (ex car A-pillars, roof line, dash board, outline of view screen on a ship interior, etc). Note the frame still moves when you move your head, so it’s not a static element in your field of view.
Also it helps if your PC can render frames under the critical 11.1ms frame time (for 90Hz displays). Coincidentally, 90Hz is the minimum Valve determined is needed to experience “presence”. Many folks don’t want to turn down graphic options to get to this. It’s doable in most games even if it won’t be as detailed as it would on a flat screen. Shadows is a big offender here.
Resolution isn’t as big of a factor in frametimes as detailed shadows and other effects. I have run games at well over 4k x 2.5k resolution per eye and been able to keep 11.1ms frame times.
Lastly, it has been noted that any movement or vibration to the inner ear can for many stave off nausea. This includes jogging in place while having the game world move forward. For many years we’ve had a free solution that integrates into Steam VR:
https://github.com/pottedmeat7/OpenVR-WalkInPlace
Jog in place to make your character move forward in the direction you’re facing. Walk normally to experience 1-to-1 roomscale.
I’ve use the above to play Skyrim VR without any nausea. Good workout too!
For car, flight, spaceflight simulators, a tactile transducer on your chair (looks like a speaker magnet without the cone - or basically a subwoofer without the cone) can transfer the games sound vibrations directly to you and therefore your inner ear and prevent nausea.
I’ve literally played over 1,000 hours of Elite:Dangerous this way as well as Battlezone VR and Vector 36. All games that involve tons of fast artificial movement.
The main issue is too many people tried out VR cardboard or old DK2 demos with low and laggy framerate, persistent displays, and poorly designed VR experiences and simply write off all VR as bad and nausea inducing.
Edit: added links and trailers to the games mentioned so folks can see the motion involved. The “study” wasn’t a proper study. It was a quote from a scientist. No data was given about what headsets or which experiences caused nausea.
As a layperson reading through this it seems to me the biomarker is related to the metabolic activity of a specific brain region called the subcallosal cyngulate gyrus. They used imaging techniques vs say blood tests, or depression questionnaires to identify the changes from the treatments.
It’s confusing because the study linked above is first talking about the deep brain stimulation which was the main focus of the study (and how they effected the anti-depressant changes).
This other link I found is more to the point:
The subcallosal cingulate gyrus (SCG), including Brodmann area 25 and parts of 24 and 32, is the portion of the cingulum that lies ventral to the corpus callosum. It constitutes an important node in a network that includes cortical structures, the limbic system, thalamus, hypothalamus, and brainstem nuclei. Imaging studies have shown abnormal SCG metabolic activity in patients with depression, a pattern that is reversed by various antidepressant therapies.
https://www.biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com/article/S0006-3223(10)01003-6/fulltext
If the imaging is easy to do and interpret, then it would allow for a more objective way to measure the effectiveness of other depression treatments.
As a roadmap of sorts, the corpus callosum is the part of the brain that connects the two hemispheres. Knowing that look at:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cingulate_cortex
Edit 2:
This highlits the specific areas (side view) that the paper in the OP is referring to:
Depth wise, the regions you see are basically in the middle of the brain (not left or right) where the two hemispheres touch, towards the front of your head, and right above the corpus callosum (the bundle that connect the two hemispheres).
Basically, put the tip of your index finger above your eyebrows centered above your nose and you’re pointing the the right region though it looks like it’s buried an inch or two deep.
The awesome Internet Historian video on No Man’s Sky for those that haven’t seen it:
The difference is that if the device comes with Steam OS, then it’s ready to go out of the box and you’re assured the hardware has good Linux support.
If it’s originally a Windows device then you may have to jump through additional hoops to get everything working. Also you’ll have to deal with allowing other OS’s in the BIOS if it’s locked.
Also you’ve paid Microsoft for a license you won’t use.
The flip side is that there’s work to make a native Steam OS build for 3rd party portable devices:
and
Potentially better sources. Somehow in the last couple of days the value of the air defense system went up 700M:
https://uk.news.yahoo.com/ukraine-destroys-russian-air-defence-083306512.html
Know you meme page (for those that want to see the original without giving Twitter or his account the views):
Do a search for you server OS + STIG
Then, for each service you’re hosting on that server, do a search for:
Service/Program name + STIG/Benchmark
There’s tons of work already done by the vendors in conjunction with the DoD (and CIS) to create lists of potential vulnerable settings that can be corrected before deploying the server.
Along with this, you can usually find scripts and/or Ansible playbooks that will do most of the hardening for you. Though it’s a good Idea to understand what you do and do not need done.